The present study investigated the morphological characteristics of species belonging to the genus Teucrium L. (T. chamaedrys L., T. orientale L., T. hircanicum L. and T. polium L.) collected from Guba massif of the Greater Caucasus. The aim of the research was to identify the characteristic morphological features of the collected species and to clarify their diagnostic characteristics. Based on 33 plant specimens collected during field studies conducted in 2021–2022, the structure of the stem, leaf, flower, fruit was examined and compared with literature data. Interspecific differences were determined in the structure of vegetative and generative organs, including the shape of the leaf blade, leaf margin structure, color of the calyx and corolla, density of pubescence, as well as the type of inflorescence. Morphometric measurements of traits such as inflorescence length, distance between inflorescences and number of flowers per inflorescence were also conducted. The arithmetic mean (M) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for the measured traits and the level of variability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and the adjusted coefficient of variation (CV_corr ). The results of the study make a scientific contribution to a deeper study of the species diversity of the flora of the Greater Caucasus and the systematic characteristics of Teucrium.