This study provides a comprehensive assessment of species of the genus Cytospora recorded in Uzbekistan, based on the modern classification framework proposed by Lin et al.. The analysis reveals a clear predominance of representatives belonging to the A-II group, with types A8 and A9 being particularly widespread. These types are characterized by internally complex conidiomatal structures, including multilocular arrangements, central columns, and rosette-like configurations, which appear to enhance reproductive efficiency and spore dispersal. Such structural complexity likely confers a significant adaptive advantage under arid and sharply continental climatic conditions typical of the region.The absence of representatives of the A-I group may indicate either an evolutionary reduction of simple, unilocular stromatic forms or their limited ecological relevance in the studied environment. In contrast, the A-II and A-III groups can be interpreted as relatively advanced stages in the evolutionary trajectory of the genus, reflecting a transition toward increasing morphological and functional specialization. The comparatively low occurrence of A-III group types (A11–A13) may be associated with their narrower ecological amplitude, as these forms tend to occupy more specialized niches despite their structurally differentiated and fully compartmentalized locular systems. The results further demonstrate a strong structural and functional correspondence between asexual (anamorphic) and sexual (teleomorphic) morphs. In particular, the number, arrangement, and internal differentiation of locules in conidiomata show clear parallels with the organization of perithecia in the sexual stage. Multiloculate configurations observed in the A-II group may serve as a developmental basis for the formation of multiple perithecia, whereas discrete locules in A-III types correspond to independently organized or partially fused perithecial systems. Additional features, such as the presence of conceptacle-like structures (black boundary lines), contribute to mechanical stability and protection, and also represent important taxonomic and functional traits across both morphs. A comparative evaluation of the present findings with earlier concepts proposed by Z. Urban [1958] and L.J. Spielman [1985] highlights both continuity and conceptual expansion. While previous studies emphasized the taxonomic significance of structural correspondence between ascomatal and conidiomatal components, the present work extends this interpretation by integrating evolutionary and ecological dimensions. Specifically, morphological diversification within the genus is shown to be closely linked with adaptive strategies and reproductive specialization. Overall, the species composition of Cytospora in Uzbekistan reflects a dominance of intermediate (A-II) and advanced (A-III) evolutionary forms, underscoring a tight interrelationship between morphological differentiation, ecological adaptation, and the evolution of reproductive systems. These findings contribute to a more integrative understanding of the genus and help bridge gaps between taxonomic, morphological, and evolutionary perspectives.