This research was conducted in the Zagatala-Balakan region to investigate early spring medicinal plants and their traditional uses by the Avar and Tsakhur ethnic groups from an ethnobotanical perspective. Fieldwork was primarily carried out in Mazimgara, Garakli, Katekh, and Chaygarishan villages, where plant specimens were collected, herbaria were prepared, and the GPS coordinates of the localities were recorded. A total of 23 medicinal plant species traditionally used by these communities were identified, which are mainly utilized in the treatment of skin, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases. Furthermore, 22 ethnobotanical interviews were conducted with local inhabitants across various age groups. To analyze the collected data statistically, Use Value (UV) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) indices were employed. The results demonstrate the richness of local ethnomedicinal knowledge and its significance from both scientific and cultural perspectives. The systematic documentation and preservation of this knowledge are essential for its transmission to future generations.