The article presents the results of the study of the morphometric and vitality structure of cenopopulations (CP) of the rare species Platanthera chlorantha in the Greater Caucasus. The studies were conducted in Khizi, Siyazan, Guba, Gusar, Shamakhi, Gabala and Shaki districts during 2017-2024 years. The aim of the research is to investigate morphometric, vitality structure of the cenopopulation of P. chlorantha and reveal the influence of climatic and edaphic factors to them. The average value of morphometric indicators shows that the length of the flower axis was observed at the highest value in CP 4, and the lowest value in CP 5. According to the results of the variability analysis, the number of flowers was the most variable parameter. It shows the highest variability in CP 2, CP 4 and CP 5. The results of the correlation analysis show that a very strong correlation relationship was observed between the length of the flower axis and the number of flowers in all cenopopulations. According to the results of the vitality analysis, a predominance of individuals belonging to the upper and middle vitality class (Q˃c) was revealed in seven cenopopulations. They are classified as flowering type. But CP 2 and CP 9 are depressive type. The Iq values of the cenopopulations ranged from 0.11 to 3.07. The highest Iq values were observed in CP 5, and the lowest in CP 9. The values of the vitality index ranged from 0.14 to 0.79. The highest value of this index was observed in CP 6, while in other cenopopulations it was lower. The results of the regression analysis conducted between the morphoparameters of plant height and number of flowers in individuals of P. chlorantha show that the relationship between these morphoparameters was positive in all cases. This indicates that the selfrenewal process of the plant will be strong in these areas in the future and its number will remain stable.