Greater Caucasus has high endemism. This area is considered one of the important speciation centers. As a result of study 103 plant species belonging to two classes, 31 families and 72 genera were described in the alpine landscapes of the flora of the surrounding areas of Shahdag (eastern part of the Greater Caucasus). Based on the recorded species, the families of Asteraceae (15), Caryophyllaceae (8), Fabaceae (7), Boraginaceae (7), Ranunculaceae (6) are the dominant. Five families found in the area (Caprifoliaceae, Apocynaceae, Amaranthaceae, Geraniaceae, Orobanchaceae, Valerianaceae) are represented by single species. Among them, Vincetoxicum rehmannii Boiss. is a subendemic to the north and south Caucasus and Erodium fumarioides Steven is distributed only in the south Caucasus. The local flora has a high (60%) endemism. Out of 103 species distributed here, 42 are wide range, the remaining 61 species are endemic of different status. From those, 24 could be characterized as macroendemic (regional endemic) species and are distributed in the Caucasus, Iran and Turkey, and 35 species endemic to the Caucasus, one species to the south Caucasus (Erodium fumarioides Steven), and one species to Azerbaijan (Astragalus kubensis Gross.). The southern slopes of the Eastern Caucasus are still not fully explored.